Monday, March 16, 2020

Links Ideas Together in French With Conjunctions

Links Ideas Together in French With Conjunctions Introduction to French Conjunctions Conjunctions provide a link between similar words or groups of words, such as nouns, verbs, people and things. There are two types of French conjunctions: coordinating and subordinating.   1. Coordinating conjunctions join words and groups of words with an equal value.   Ã‚  Jaime les pommes et les oranges.I like apples and oranges.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je veux le faire, mais je nai pas dargent.I want to do it, but I dont have any money. 2. Subordinating conjunctions join dependent clauses to main clauses.   Ã‚  Jai dit que jaime les pommes.I said that I like apples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il travaille pour que vous puissiez manger.He works so that you can eat. French Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions join words and groups of words of equal value that  have the same nature or the same function in the sentence. In the case of individual words, this means that they must be the same part of speech. If theyre clauses, they must be similar or complementary tenses/moods. These are frequently used French coordinating conjunctions: car  Ã‚  for, becausedonc  Ã‚  soensuite  Ã‚  nextet  Ã‚  andmais  Ã‚  butor  Ã‚  now, yetou  Ã‚  orou  bien  Ã‚  or elsepuis  Ã‚  then ExamplesJaime les pommes, les bananes  et  les oranges.I like apples, bananas,  and  oranges.- Pommes,  bananes, and  oranges  are all fruits (nouns).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Veux-tu  aller  en France  ou  en  Italie  ?Do you want to go to France  or  Italy?- France  and  Italy  are both places (nouns).   Ã‚  Ce  nest  pas carrà ©Ã‚  mais  rectangulaire.Its not square  but  rectangular.- Carrà ©Ã‚  and  rectangulaire  are both adjectives.   Ã‚  Je veux le faire,  mais  je nai pas dargent.I want to do it,  but  I dont have any money.- Je  veux  le  faire  and  je  nai  pas  dargent  are present  tense.   Ã‚  Fais tes devoirs,  puis  lave la vaisselle.Do your homework,  then  wash the dishes.- Fais  tes  devoirs  and  lave la  vaisselle  are both commands. Note:  French children learn the mnemonic Mais oà ¹ est  donc  Ornicar  ?  to help them remember the most common French coordinating conjunctions- mais,  ou,  et,  donc,  or,  ni  and  car. Repeated Coordinating Conjunctions Certain French coordinating conjunctions can be repeated in front of each of the joined items for emphasis: et...et   both...andne...ni... ni   neither...norou...ou  Ã‚  either...orsoit...soit  Ã‚  either...or   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je  connais  et  Jean-Paul  et  son frà ¨re.I know  both  Jean-Paul  and  his brother.- Jean-Paul  and  son frà ¨re  are both people (nouns). Note that for the negative coordinating conjunction  ne...ni...ni, the word  ne  goes in front of the verb, just like the  ne  in other  negative structures. French Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions join dependent (subordinate) clauses to main clauses. A dependent clause cannot stand alone because its meaning is incomplete without the main clause. In addition, sometimes the dependent clause has a verb form that cannot stand alone. There are some frequently used French subordinate conjunctions: comme  Ã‚  as, sincelorsque  Ã‚  whenpuisque  Ã‚  since, asquand  Ã‚  whenque  Ã‚  thatquoique*  Ã‚  even thoughsi  Ã‚  if *Note that  quoique  must be followed by the  subjunctive.*For subordinating conjunctions like  afin  que  and  parce  que, see  conjunctive phrases. ExamplesJai dit  que  jaime  les  pommes.I said  that  I like apples.The main clause is  jai  dit. What did I say? Jaime  les  pommes.  Jaime  les  pommes  is incomplete without  jai  dit. I might not in fact like apples, but I said that I did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Comme  tu  nes  pas prà ªt,  jy  irai  seul.Since  youre not ready, Ill go alone.The main clause is  jy  irai  seul. Why will I go alone?  Because  tu  nes  pas prà ªt. The idea here is not that I want to go alone, but the fact that I will go alone  since  youre not ready.   Ã‚  Si  je suis libre, je tamà ¨nerai laà ©roport.If  Im free, Ill take you to the airport.The main clause is  je tamà ¨nerai laà ©roport. Is this guaranteed? No, only  si  je  suis  libre. If something else comes up, I cant take you.   Ã‚  Jai  peur  quand  il voyage.I am scared  when  he travels.The main clause is  jai  peur. When am I scared? Not all the time, only  quand  il voyage. So  jai  peur  is incomplete without the juxtaposition  quand  il voyage. French Conjunctive Phrases A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that function as a conjunction. French conjunctive phrases usually end in  que,  and most are subordinating conjunctions. condition  que*  Ã‚  provided thatafin  que*  Ã‚  so thatainsi  que  Ã‚  just as, so asalors  que  Ã‚  while, whereas  mesure  que  Ã‚  as (progressively)  moins  que**  Ã‚  unlessaprà ¨s  que  Ã‚  after, when supposer  que*  Ã‚  assuming thatau  cas  oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in caseaussità ´t  que  Ã‚  as soon asavant  que**  Ã‚  beforebien  que*  Ã‚  althoughdans  lhypothà ¨se oà ¹Ã‚  Ã‚  in the event thatde  crainte  que**  Ã‚  for fear thatde faà §on  que*  Ã‚  in such a way thatde manià ¨re  que*  Ã‚  so thatde mà ªme  que  Ã‚  just asde  peur  que**  for fear thatdepuis  que  Ã‚  sincede  sorte  que*  Ã‚  so that, in such a way thatdà ¨s  que  Ã‚  as soon asen  admettant  que*  Ã‚  assuming thaten attendant  que*  Ã‚  while, untilencore  que*  Ã‚  even thoughjusqu  ce  que*  Ã‚  untilparce  que  Ã‚  becausependant  que  Ã‚  whilepour  que*  Ã‚  so thatpourvuà ‚  que*  Ã‚  provided thatquand  bien  mà ªme  Ã‚  even though/ifquoi  que*  Ã‚  whatever, no matter whatsans  que**  Ã‚  withoutsità ´t  que  Ã‚  as soon assupposà ©Ã‚  que*  Ã‚  supposingtant  que   as or so much as / as long astandis  que  Ã‚  while, whereasvu  que  Ã‚  seeing as/that *These conjunctions must be followed by the  subjunctive.**These conjunctions require the  subjunctive  and  ne  explà ©tif. ExamplesIl travaille  pour que  vous puissiez manger.He works  so that  you can eat.The main clause is  il  travaille. Why does he work?  Pour  que  vous  puissiez  manger. The idea here is not that you can eat, but the fact that you can eat  because  he works. Another clue is that  vous  puissiez  manger  cannot stand alone; the  subjunctive  is only found in subordinate clauses.   Ã‚  Jai rà ©ussi lexamen  bien que  je naie pas à ©tudià ©.I passed the test  even though  I didnt study.The main clause is  jai  rà ©ussi   lexamen. How did I pass the test? Certainly not by studying, since  je  nai  pas à ©tudià ©. So  jai  rà ©ussi   lexamen  is incomplete without the juxtaposition  bien  que  je  naie  pas à ©tudià ©.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Il est  parti  parce  quil  avait  peur.He left  because  he was afraid.The main clause is  il est  parti. Why did he leave?  Because  il  avait  peur. The idea  il  avait  peur  is incomplete without the main clause  il est  parti.

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